Welcome to Gilbride Pharmacy, your trusted source for valuable health information. On this page we will shed light on haemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, and provide you with insights into their causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options. We'll also share tips on how to prevent these uncomfortable conditions.
What are Haemorrhoids?
Haemorrhoids, or piles, manifest as swollen and enlarged blood vessels around the anus and rectum, resulting in the formation of a protruding lump. While they often clear up on their own and cause mild, painless symptoms, some individuals may experience discomfort, itchiness or soreness around the anus. If over-the-counter treatments fail to provide relief or if you notice bleeding or pain after passing stool, it's crucial to consult your GP.
Causes
The exact cause of haemorrhoids remains unclear, but they are linked to increased pressure in blood vessels around the anus. Factors that can elevate the risk of developing haemorrhoids include:
- Pregnancy
- Family history of piles
- Being overweight
- Being aged over 45
- Regular heavy lifting
- Extended periods of sitting
- Prolonged diarrhoea
- Persistent cough
- Repeated vomiting
Types
Haemorrhoids are classified into two main types: internal and external. Internal haemorrhoids occur above the dentate line within the anus, while external haemorrhoids develop below this line. The dentate line demarcates the boundary where nerves within the anal canal can perceive pain. Nerves below this line are sensitive to pain, while those above it are not.
The severity of haemorrhoids is categorised as follows:
- First-degree haemorrhoids: Not visible outside the anus, small in size.
- Second-degree haemorrhoids: Larger in size, may protrude and retract during bowel movements.
- Third-degree haemorrhoids: Comprise one or more soft lumps hanging from the anus, reducible.
- Fourth-degree haemorrhoids: Larger in size and irreducible, cannot be pushed back inside.
Symptoms
Many individuals with haemorrhoids experience no symptoms, especially when they are not painful. However, higher degrees of haemorrhoids may result in the following symptoms:
- Itchiness, soreness or redness around the anus
- Visible lump outside the anus
- Mucus or blood discharge after passing stool
If your symptoms persist or worsen despite using over-the-counter treatments, seek medical advice, especially if you experience rectal bleeding.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing haemorrhoids is typically straightforward and involves a quick examination of the anal area by a healthcare professional. While external haemorrhoids may be identified through visual inspection, internal haemorrhoids may require an internal examination using a lubricated, gloved finger.
In some cases, a more detailed examination using a proctoscope - a thin tube with a light - may be necessary to view the entire anal canal and confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment for haemorrhoids varies depending on their severity. Here are some options:
- Lifestyle Changes: For mild cases, adopting a healthy lifestyle can be effective. Increase dietary fibre, stay hydrated and engage in regular exercise to prevent constipation and straining.
- Over-the-Counter Treatments: Topical treatments such as ointments, creams, sprays and suppositories like Anusol, Germoloids, Preparation H and Anodesyn can soothe irritation and provide relief.
- Prescription-Strength Treatments: Severe inflammation may require prescription medications like Scheriproct Ointment and Proctosedyl Ointment containing steroids to reduce inflammation and ease pain.
- Constipation Treatment: If constipation is the root cause, laxatives may be necessary to relieve straining.
- Treatment of Serious Internal Haemorrhoids: For internal haemorrhoids above the dentate line, banding and sclerotherapy are recommended procedures to reduce blood supply and shrink the haemorrhoids.
Prevention
Preventing haemorrhoids is achievable through simple lifestyle changes, including:
- Staying hydrated, avoiding alcohol and caffeine
- Maintaining a fibre-rich diet
- Engaging in regular light exercise
- Responding promptly to the urge to use the bathroom
- Avoiding prolonged periods on the toilet
- Using damp toilet paper for gentle cleaning
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